Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) foda (53-84-9)

NAD foda, takaice don adinine dinucleotide na nicotinamide. Coenzyme wanda ke faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin rai da yawa kuma yana aiki azaman mai karɓar lantarki. Ana amfani da NAD foda a madadin tare da NADH azaman maye gurbin ko rage wakili a cikin halayen na rayuwa.

Masanin kimiyyar nazarin halittu na Burtaniya Arthur Harden da William John Young ne suka fara gano coenzyme NAD + a cikin shekarar 1906. Sun lura cewa ƙara dafaffun yisti da aka cire ya ba da hanzarta saurin shan giya a cikin abubuwan da aka toya yisti. Sun kira abin da ba a san shi ba wanda ke da alhakin wannan sakamako a matsayin hanyar samar da bayanai. Ta hanyar tsayi mai wahala da tsabtace ruwan daga yisti, wannan fasalin mai kwanciyar hankali an gano shi azaman nucleotide sugar phosphate ta Hans von Euler-Chelpin. A cikin 1936, masanin kimiyyar Bajamushe Otto Heinrich Warburg ya nuna aikin kwayar halittar nucleotide coenzyme a cikin canja wurin hydride kuma ya gano kashi na nicotinamide a matsayin shafin yanar gizo na redox halayen.

An gano farkon maganan Vitamin na NAD + a cikin 1938, lokacin da Conrad Elvehjem ya nuna cewa hanta tana da aikin "harshen baƙar fata" a cikin hanyar nicotinamide. Bayan haka, a cikin 1939, ya ba da babbar hujja ta farko cewa ana amfani da niacin don haɗa NAD + .A farkon shekarun 1940, Arthur Kornberg shine farkon wanda ya gano wani enzyme a cikin hanyar nazarin halittu. A cikin 1949, masanan sunadarai na Amurka Morris Friedkin da Albert L. Lehninger ya tabbatar da cewa NADH ya haɗu da hanyoyin hanyoyin rayuwa kamar su citric acid zagaye tare da kira na ATP a cikin oxidative phosphorylation. A cikin 1958, Jack Preiss da Philip Handler sun gano tsaka-tsakin da enzymes da ke cikin kwayar halittar NAD +; Kiran salvage daga acid nicotinic ana kiransa hanyar Preiss-Handler. A cikin 2004, Charles Brenner da abokan aiki sun gano hanyar nicotinamide riboside kinase zuwa NAD +

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) foda yana cikin halayen sake juyawa, ɗauke da electrons daga amsawa ɗaya zuwa wani. Cofactor, sabili da haka, ana samun shi a cikin nau'i biyu a sel: NAD + wakili ne na oxidizing - yana karɓar abubuwan lantarki daga wasu kwayoyin kuma yana raguwa. Wannan amsawar ta samar da NADH, wanda a sa'ilin za'a iya amfani dashi azaman wakili mai ragewa don ba da gudummawar wayoyin lantarki. Wadannan halayen canja wurin lantarki sune babban aikin NAD. Koyaya, ana amfani dashi a cikin sauran hanyoyin salula, galibi maɓallin enzymes waɗanda ke haɓaka ko cire rukunin sunadarai daga sunadarai, a cikin gyare-gyare na bayan aikin. Saboda mahimmancin waɗannan ayyukan, enzymes da ke cikin metabolism na NAD sune manufa don gano magunguna.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) foda yana aiki a matsayin man fetur don yawancin hanyoyin nazarin halittu, kamar:

1) Canza abinci zuwa makamashi

2) Gyara DNA mai lalacewa

3) ifyingarfafa tsarin kariya na sel

4) Saitin agogo na jikinka ko kuma layin circaden

Saboda yawancin bincike akan Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) foda ya fito ne daga karatun dabba, ba za'a yanke hukunci karara game da ingancin sa ga mutane ba. Anan akwai wasu fa'idodi masu fa'ida ga lafiyar Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) foda:

1. Yana kunna Enzymes Wanda Zai Iya Inganta Zamani Lafiya

2. Zai iya Taimaka Kare swayoyin kwakwalwa

NAD + yana taka rawa wajen taimakawa sel kwakwalwa.

A cikin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, NAD + yana taimakawa sarrafa samarwar PGC-1-alpha, furotin wanda ya bayyana don taimakawa kare ƙwayoyin cuta daga stressarfin oxyidative da nakasa aikin mitochondrial. Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa damuwar rashin karfin jiki da nakasa aikin mitochondrial suna da nasaba da cututtukan kwakwalwa da suka shafi shekaru kamar cutar Alzheimer da ta Parkinson.

3. Wataƙila Rashin Cutar cututtukan zuciya

Tsufa babban haɗari ne ga cututtukan zuciya, wanda shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa a duniya. Zai iya haifar da jijiyoyin jini kamar aorta su zama su yi kauri, su kahu da rashin sassauci. Irin waɗannan canje-canjen na iya ɗaga matakan hawan jini kuma ya sa zuciyarka ta yi aiki tuƙuru.

A cikin dabbobi, NAD + ya taimaka wajen canza canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru zuwa arteries

4. Zai iya rage haɗarin ciwon kansa

Babban matakan NAD + suna taimakawa kare kariya daga lalacewar DNA da damuwa na damuwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da haɓakar ciwon kansa

5. Zai iya inganta tsufa tsoka da lafiya

Haɓaka matakan NAD + sun taimaka haɓaka aikin tsoka, ƙarfi da jimiri a cikin tsofaffin ƙwayoyin tsofaffi

COA

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